Dental Plaque
Gum disease begins with dental plaque, a slimy film of bacteria that builds up on teeth.

As the bacteria multiply, they produce toxins. These toxins can damage the attachment of tooth to the gum and bone. This condition, one of the advanced stages of gum disease, is called periodontitis.

Beyond periodontitis, plaque can also lead to pregnancy difficulties. Research suggests that pregnant women with gum disease are more likely to have a premature, low-birthweight baby.

That's because prostaglandin, the enzyme that pregnant women produce to dilate the cervix and induce labor, is also a byproduct of gum disease.

Stress
Stress causes a weakening in the immune system, which can contribute to gum disease.

Smoking
Smokers have a greater risk of developing gum disease than non-smokers.

Oral Contraceptives
Many birth control pills contain a combination of hormones that dilate blood vessels. As a result, the gums become inflamed, making them more susceptible to bacteria and gum disease.
Learn more about women and gum disease.